Understanding the difference between compostable and biodegradable plastic in New Zealand is essential when choosing packaging that works in real-world waste systems.
These terms are often used interchangeably, but they behave very differently depending on how and where they are disposed of.
Why This Matters in New Zealand
Plastic plays an important role in packaging, logistics, and everyday produc ts. However, not all materials are processed in ideal conditions after use.
In New Zealand, a significant portion of plastic waste still ends up in landfill. This creates a gap between how materials are designed to break down and where they actually end up.
The Challenge with Compostable Plastics
Compostable plastics are designed to break down in controlled environments with specific conditions such as:
- Oxygen-rich environments
- Elevated temperatures
- Consistent moisture levels
These conditions are typically found in commercial composting facilities.
However, when compostable plastics are disposed of in landfill, these conditions are not present. As a result, decomposition may not occur as intended.
Compostable plastics are also not compatible with traditional plastic recycling systems and may contaminate recycling streams if incorrectly sorted.
How Landfill Biodegradable Plastic Works
Landfill biodegradable plastics are designed with landfill conditions in mind.
Biowrap products are engineered to biodegrade in modern bioactive landfill environments through microbial processes under anaerobic (low-oxygen) conditions commonly found in active landfill systems.
The material is designed to remain stable during normal use, only beginning the biodegradation process once exposed to landfill conditions where microbial activity is present.
Biowrap materials are evaluated using recognised international testing methods, including ASTM D5511 and Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) testing. Results may vary depending on landfill environments.
Compostable vs Landfill Biodegradable Plastic
| Feature | Landfill Biodegradable Plastic | Compostable Plastic |
|---|---|---|
| Breakdown Environment | Designed to biodegrade in anaerobic (low-oxygen), microbe-rich landfill environments | Requires controlled composting conditions (oxygen, heat, moisture) |
| How It Works | Microorganisms in landfill environments break down the material over time | Microorganisms break down material in composting systems under controlled conditions |
| End Products | Biogas and other byproducts associated with anaerobic decomposition | Carbon dioxide, water, and compost (in suitable conditions) |
| Recyclability | Can be recycled where facilities exist before disposal | Not recyclable through standard plastic recycling systems |
| Disposal Flexibility | Can be disposed of in general waste (landfill) if not recycled | Requires correct composting environment to perform as intended |
| Real-World Performance | Designed for landfill conditions where much waste ends up | Performance depends on access to composting facilities |
| Material Type | Conventional plastic with an additive | Typically plant-based materials or blends |
| Shelf Life | Stable during storage and use | May have limited shelf life depending on formulation |
Which Option Is Right?
The right choice depends on how the material will be disposed of.
In New Zealand, where a significant portion of waste still goes to landfill, products designed for landfill environments can offer a practical solution alongside recycling efforts.
Learn More About Landfill Biodegradable Plastic
For a deeper understanding of how landfill biodegradable plastic works and where it is used, explore the Biowrap eBook.
Explore Biowrap Products
Explore our range of landfill biodegradable products designed for real-world use: